1. Electron trapping has been measured in polywells with Langmuir probes . 2. The theory of Langmuir probes is much more complex when the plasma is magnetized. 3. Understanding electron saturation is one of the most important outstanding problems of Langmuir probe theory. 4. The Debye sheath theory explains the basic behavior of Langmuir probes , but is not complete. 5. A Langmuir probe can be used to determine the plasma parameters, such as density and temperature. 6. Conventional Langmuir probe theory assumes collisionless movement of charge carriers in the space charge sheath around the probe. 7. Instrument payload could include a radio subsystem, laser altimeter, magnetometer, Langmuir probe , and a mapping camera. 8. Uncertainties of this magnitude arise several places in the analysis of Langmuir probe data and are very difficult to resolve. 9. Without quantitative modeling of the bulk resistivity, Langmuir probes can only give an upper limit on the electron temperature. 10. Collisions between ions and electrons will also affect the " I-V " characteristic of a Langmuir probe .
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